EVIDÊNCIA COMO FRONTEIRA ENTRE OBSERVAÇÃO E RETÓRICA ESTUDOS DA HERANÇA RETÓRICA EM DISCURSOS DE CONHECIMENTO EM ARGUMENTAÇÃO TEORIA EXEMPLIFICADA EM CASOS DE TRANSFERÊNCIAS DE TÉCNICA RETÓRICA NA EXPERIÊNCIA EMPÍRICA

Resumo

Terms change meanings as soon as they are used in a specific language, context, discipline, or doctrine. Evidence is one of them.  This article claims that evidence is a concept we can communicate universally and consists of three parts for the development of the related discourse. In this article we will in part I examine the conditions and limits the postmodern era offers for evidence in argumentation in texts by thinkers of postmodernity, research, and commentarors. In part II we describe the place of evidence in a theoretical rational discipline (rhetoric) focusing on the question how evidence refers to the classical model of argumentation in rhetoric. With a topological model of evidence we conclude that the evidential argument as a carrier of argumentation can be an oral, written, or sensual experienced, e.g. visual, means and illustrate this in examples that comprises means of evidence and communicative means. Despite the employment of evidence in a variety of fields, we will show that evidence as a concept can de described as reference to sensual experience. In part III we show in examples the conditions and practical application of evidence. We claim that when artificial and technical processes dominate development of knowledge and limit evidential aspects, the obtained knowledge can only be a knowledge that is a reference to the technical process, but lacks evidential authenticity.